Элементы процесса, описанные при пересказе:
- Назвать процесс и его тему. Сообщить о начале процесса.
- Сообщить о способе и направлении развития процесса.
- Уточнить/объяснить мысль предыдущего комментария.
- Уточнить/объяснить способ развития процесса: добавление деталей, хронологический порядок описания.
- Способ развития процесса: дальнейшее добавление деталей с помощью цитаты, хронологический порядок описания.
- Способ развития процесса: добавление нового аргумента, логически вытекающего из сказанного ранее.
- Способ развития процесса: добавление нового аргумента, касающегося не упоминавшейся ранее характеристики.
- Способ развития процесса: добавление нового аргумента (цитаты), для доказательства вышесказанного.
- Способ развития процесса: добавление нового аргумента (статистических данных), для доказательства вышесказанного, расширение тематики.
- Способ развития процесса: углубление расширенной тематики с помощью цитаты.
- Способ развития процесса: описание результатов/эффекта, произведённых описываемым явлением .
- Сообщить о завершении процесса описания и о форме этого завершения (риторический вопрос).
Аннотированный пример пересказа
Amid challenges: Does science matter?
By WILLIAM J. BROAD and JAMES GLANZ
NY Times News Service
1. Назвать процесс и его тему. Сообщить о начале процесса.
Оригинальный текст:
Through its rituals of discovery, science has extended life, conquered disease and offered new sexual and commercial freedoms. It has pushed aside demigods and demons and revealed a cosmos more intricate and awesome than anything produced by pure imagination.
Пересказ:
In their article "Amid challenges: Does science matter?" published in New York times, William J. Broad and James Glanz consider the significance of science in human life.
They start the discussion with the examples of most important scientific achievements like space exploration or extending human's life.
2. Сообщить о способе и направлении развития процесса.
Оригинальный текст:
But there are new troubles in the peculiar form of paradise that science has created, as well as new questions about whether it has the popular support to meet the future challenges of disease, pollution, security, energy, education, food, water and urban sprawl.
Пересказ:
They continue with the question whether such scientific achievements are still necessary and popular nowadays.
3. Уточнить/объяснить мысль предыдущего комментария.
Оригинальный текст:
The public seems increasingly intolerant of grand, technical fixes, even while it hungers for new gadgets and drugs. It has also come to fear the potential consequences of unfettered science and technology in areas like genetic engineering, germ warfare, global warming, nuclear power and the proliferation of nuclear arms.
Пересказ:
Then they specify that the public does not seem to be sure that it is able to control scientific development so it prefers to limit it to less significant activity.
4. Уточнить/объяснить способ развития процесса: добавление деталей, хронологический порядок описания.
Оригинальный текст:
Tension between science and the public has thrown up new barriers to research involving deadly pathogens, stem cells and human cloning. Some of the doubts about science began with the environmental movement of the 1960s.
Пересказ:
They describe the result(добавление деталей ) of such public attitude to science and the moment when they think it started (хронологический порядок описания).
5. Способ развития процесса: дальнейшее добавление деталей с помощью цитаты, хронологический порядок описания.
Оригинальный текст:
“The bloom has been coming off the rose since Silent Spring,” said Dr. John H. Gibbons, President Bill Clinton’s science adviser, of Rachel Carson’s 1962 book on the ravages of DDT. Until then, he said, “People thought of science as a cornucopia of goodies. Now they have to choose between good and bad.”
Пересказ:
To support their ideas they quote Dr. John H. Gibbons, who refers to the publication of Rachel Carson’s 1962 book on the ravages of DDT as the beginning of this process.
6. Способ развития процесса: добавление нового аргумента, логически вытекающего из сказанного ранее.
Оригинальный текст:
“The urgency,” he said, “is to reestablish the fundamental position that science plays in helping devise uses of knowledge to resolve social ills. I hope rationality will triumph. But you can’t count on it. As President Chirac said, we’ve lost the primacy of reason.”
Пересказ:
They go on with the quotation to prove that it is urgent "to reestablish the fundamental position to resolve social ills".
7. Способ развития процесса: добавление нового аргумента, касающегося не упоминавшейся ранее характеристики.
Оригинальный текст:
Science has also provoked a deeper unease by disturbing traditional beliefs. Some scientists, stunned by the increasing vigor of fundamentalist religion worldwide, wonder if old certainties have rushed into a sort of vacuum left by the inconclusiveness of science on the big issues of everyday life.
Пересказ:
The authors add the argument proving the lack of social responsibility of science, which has disturbed traditional beliefs and has given nothing instead.
8. Способ развития процесса: добавление нового аргумента (цитаты), для доказательства вышесказанного.
Оригинальный текст:
“Isn’t it incredible that you have so much fundamentalism, retreating back to so much ignorance?” remarked Dr. George A. Keyworth II, President Ronald Reagan’s science adviser.
Пересказ:
They support this point by another quotation citing the opinion of Dr. George A. Keyworth II, President Ronald Reagan’s science adviser.
9. Способ развития процесса: добавление нового аргумента (статистических данных), для доказательства вышесказанного, расширение тематики.
Оригинальный текст:
The disaffection can be gauged in recent opinion surveys. Last month, a Harris poll found that the percentage of Americans who saw scientists as having “very great prestige” had declined 9 percent points in the last quarter-century, down to 57 from 66 percent. Another recent Harris poll found that most Americans believe in miracles, while half believe in ghosts and a third in astrology—hardly an endorsement of scientific rationality.
Пересказ:
After that the article presents official statistical data illustrating both the drop of science prestige and the overwhelming belief in miracles (расширение тематики).
10. Способ развития процесса: углубление расширенной тематики с помощью цитаты.
Оригинальный текст:
“There’s obviously a kind of national split personality about these things,” said Dr. Owen Gingerich, a historian of astronomy at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics who speaks often of his Christian faith.
“Science gives you very cold comfort at times of death or sickness or so on,” Gingerich said.
Пересказ:
The next quotation contains the explanation of this phenomenon from a historian of astronomy's point of view, who thiks that science lacks comfort.
11. Способ развития процесса: описание результатов/эффекта, произведённых описываемым явлением .
Оригинальный текст:
In this atmosphere of ambivalence, research priorities have become increasingly politicized, some scientists say.“Right now it’s about as bad as I’ve known it,” said Dr. Sidney Drell, a Stanford University physicist who has advised the federal government on national security issues for more than 40 years.
Пересказ:
The authors then quote a famous physicist to describe the negative effects in research financing caused by these processes.
12. Сообщить о завершении процесса описания и о форме этого завершения (риторический вопрос).
Оригинальный текст:
As the world marches into a century born amid fundamentalist strife in oil-producing nations, a divisive political climate in the United States and abroad and ever more sophisticated challenges to scientific credos like Darwin’s theory of evolution, it seems warranted to ask a question that runs counter to centuries of Western thought: Does science matter? Do people care about it anymore?
Пересказ:
The analysis is finally summed up in two rhetoric questions: "Does science matter? Do people care about it anymore?", which are not commented by the authors.
далее: Практическое задание
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