Использование определителей с разными типами существительных
Схема типов существительных:
Generic означает, что существительное описывает весь класс обозначаемых предметов.
Например:
Cat is a very independent animal.
The cats are very independent animals.
|
Proper Nouns |
Common Nouns
|
| |
|
Count Nouns
|
Non-Count Nouns |
| the |
Ø |
Singular |
Generic |
Plural |
Ø , some, much, a lot of, little, a little, my, your, his, her, this, that |
Countries:
The + Netherlands/ Sudan/ United Arab Emirates/ United Kingdom/ United
States |
All other countries
e.g. France/ Japan/ Argentina
|
General
a/an, one
e.g. a cup, an orange
|
Specific
the, my, your, his, her, our, their, this, that
e.g. the cup, the orange
|
Ø
e.g. cups, oranges
|
the, two etc., some, several, many, a lot of, few, a few, my, your, his,
her, these, those
e.g. two cups, some oranges
|
Abstract nouns:
fate, peace
|
Geographic locations:
The + Amazon River/ Great Barrier Reef/ Gobi Desert/ Pacific Ocean
|
|
1st mention
I read a good novel
|
2nd mention
the novel was about . . .
|
|
|
Consisting of small pieces:
sand, sugar, rice
|
| |
Unique
the minister of our church
|
|
|
Existing as a solid, liquid or gas:
silver, water, oxygen
|
Plural islands, lakes, mountains:
The + Swiss Alps/ Thousand Islands/ Great Lakes
|
Singular islands, lakes, mountains:
Mount Fujiyama/ Sicily/ Lake Geneva
|
|
Situation
the clock on the wall
|
|
|
Academic subjects:
English, Biology, Mathematics/
|
| |
Superlative
the best book
|
|
|
Sports:
soccer, tennis, swimming
|
Educational institutions:
The University/ College/ School of . . .
|
Educational institutions:
. . . University/ College/ School
|
|
Definite noun phrase or clause
the book on Canada
|
|
|
Natural phenomena:
sunshine, hail, fog
|
| |
|
|
Diseases:
measles, AIDS, cancer**
|
People:
The + Koreans/ British/ Germans/ Americans
|
Languages:
Korean/ English/ German*
|
Measurement of non-count nouns
|
** but, the flu, a cold
|
|
a bottle of water
|
the bottle of water
|
bottles of water
|
the bottles of water
|
*Если это - часть именного словосочетания, то используют “the German language”, и т.д.
Использованные ресурсы:
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.html
http://www.englishclub.com
http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/Determiners1.cfm
http://iatp.vspu.ac.ru/itog2002/naum/grammar.htm
|
