1.
Information, background
information, data, experimental data, evidence, findings, numbers, figures,
measurements, estimates.
The information comes from
the experiments on
is obtained recent studies (of)
is provided by recent investigation in the field of
The information obtained from… shows
that
indicates
suggests
There are sufficient data in current literature about
( numerous results)
in recent publications concerning
regarding the object of
relating to ( the
origin of)
concerned with
2. To offer a hypothesis
to
suggest
to
put forward
the hypothesis was checked by further studies
tested in experiments with
verified
confirmed
proved
supported
the hypothesis is (generally) accepted
regarded as a true one
has been disproved
discarded
is no longer valid
3. Technique, strategy, method, procedure
Method of
analysis/verification:
Observations/
calculations/ measurements/estimates
To conduct experiments/ a series of studies
To set up
To perform
To carry out
The method ( used) is known as
was developed by
was applied in
was used by
was modified
by
The procedure (we followed) has certain advantages
essential
4. The experiments supported our assumption that…
confirmed
provided some new information
the theory is (sufficiently) proved
confirmed
supported
checked
tested
verified
What are the ways in which a student can
acquire information? Firstly, he will acquire information from his tutors, in
three main ways – by lecture, by tutorial and by handouts which the tutor may
give him. Secondly, he may acquire information from ‘other experts’ outside his
college: principally by reading but also perhaps by listening to the radio,
listening to cassette recordings, or watching educational TV programmes.
Thirdly, he will get information from his fellow students: perhaps in his
student-led seminars, perhaps in the contributions of other students in
tutorials, or perhaps just in informal conversation. Lastly, he can acquire
information from himself! By thinking about his subject and linking together
what he has heard and seen, he may come up with new ideas, which are his alone.
1. Translate the
expressions in the brackets to make a complete text.
Briefly, the following steps can be
distinguished in (научный метод).
First comes the thought that initiates the
inquiry.
Second comes (сбор фактов): the technique of doing this (будет различной) according to the problem which is to be solved. But it is based on the
experiments in which anything may be used (чтобы собрать существенные данные) – from a test-tube to an earth-satellite.
This leads to step three: organizing the facts
and (изучение отношений) that emerge.
Step for consists in (формулирование гипотезы или теории): that is framing a general truth that has emerged, and that may be
modified as new facts emerge.
(Затем
следует более чёткое формулирование теории).
And the final step is (практическая проверка теории), i.e. the prediction of new facts. This is essential, because from
this flows the possibility of control by man of the forces of nature that are
newly revealed.
Scientific reports are usually published and
immediately (исследуются) by scientists all over the world.
2. Complete the columns with less general word-combinations.
A challenging problem for scientists
---
---
The problem you spoke about seems to be outside the limits of our
present knowledge.
---
Information seems sufficient to indicate that the changes were largely
due to a factor other than we supposed.
The information comes from experiments
---
---
There are still gaps in our knowledge of the true nature of the
phenomenon.
Detailed
knowledge
----
---
The
method developed by Russian physicists has proved to be one of the most
efficient and most promising methods used in the field of liquid crystals.
routine method
----
----
The experiments this group of workers have carried out were most
effective and have proved very promising, although the experimental material
they used was rather limited.